Friday, 17 August 2012

Essential Daredevil volume 2

Essential Daredevil volume 2 contains issues #26-48, Special #1 (basically the Annual by another name) and Fantastic Four #73, which crossed over to complete a storyline. In stark contrast to the first volume, the writing and art is remarkably stable here, with every single Daredevil issue by Stan Lee and Gene Colan, whilst the Fantastic Four issue is by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.

After the turbulence of the art in the first volume, it’s a revelation to have a volume in which everything but a crossover issue is drawn by the same artist. It’s even more surprising as it includes the “Special” which has 55 pages of all-new material coming out alongside the regular book. It’s a far cry from the eras where fill-in artists pop up constantly and annuals are often by different artists. Colan’s style has a strong charm to it, and he’s able to handle the quite diverse situations the series often takes the hero into. Unfortunately I find the writing more inconsistent with a number of issues that just don’t feel like natural Daredevil adventures but instead take him into situations and pit him against foes that are well outside the norm for the series. The civilian side of his life is also poorly developed for much of the run.

One of the silliest subplots involves Matt’s attempts to keep his identity secure following an accusation in a letter from Spider-Man at the end of the last volume. (Curiously despite Spider-Man popping up twice during this volume, no mention is made of his letter at all. Could it have conceivably have been sent by someone else? It’s a loose plot thread that could have had something made of it in the right hands.) Matt’s solution to the problem was to claim Daredevil was actually a twin brother of his, and then to reinforce his lie he had to invent his hip and happening brother “Mike”. His “Mike” persona is at best irritating, at worst fairly ludicrous. Even with the conventions about disguises that operate in superhero comics, it’s almost impossible to accept that Karen and Foggy are taken in, especially as the two brothers are never seen together. (At one point “Mike” rings up Matt and speaks to a tape recorder, with Foggy and Karen listening, but it’s hard to see this trick being enough.) To add to the complications Karen is attracted to “Mike”, adding yet further angles to the office triangle, whilst Matt finds himself enjoying the “Mike” persona so much that he almost has an identity crisis. The ludicrous situation is eventually resolved in issue #41 when in battle with the Exterminator Daredevil uses an explosion to fake his death and claims that Mike is gone and there is now a new Daredevil in town. I have lost track of the number of heroes who have pulled off this stunt over the years but this may have been one of the first times it happened. In theory it means Daredevil now has to pose as someone else in the costume but in practice in subsequent issues he generally acts much the same (apart from when driven temporarily mad by radium), though his only old foe in subsequent issues in this volume is Stilt Man. It’s worth watching in subsequent volumes to see how much lip service is paid to this one.

Unfortunately the “Mike” subplot takes up so many issues that there are few other developments amongst the supporting cast and so the whole thing feels stagnant. This does change a bit towards the end of the volume as we get some changes and developments amongst the supporting cast. Deborah Harris from the earlier Organization/Reform Party story returns as a reformed character and is soon engaged to Foggy, thus removing one of the obstacles to Matt and Karen finally getting together. However Matt is still reluctant and Karen assumes it’s because of his blindness so she leaves for a while. When she returns we finally get a kiss between them, after “just” forty-eight issues, but soon Matt puts his foot in it once more when in trying to protect Foggy by keeping him out of the office when an attack is due, he comes across as callous and uncaring, seemingly refusing to help his partner’s election bid for District Attorney. The volume ends with Foggy elected but he and Matt seem to have broken their partnership for good. As a result, the slate is potentially wiped clean for a new direction and new supporting cast members in future issues.

With such limited or dead-ended developments in Matt’s civilian life, much of the excitement comes from the action and situations he finds himself in. Many of the issues see him in particularly complicated situations where his sense powers can’t help him. Such situations range from one storyline were he temporarily loses his extra senses and has to find an antidote whilst Mr. Hyde and the Cobra are preparing to execute him, to the Jester framing him for murder (actually a fake-out, the “victim” was the Jester’s alter ego) resulting in the police swarming all over the city and around both Matt’s home and office, making it difficult for Daredevil to move about the city and find a way to clear his name with only his costume to hand. There’s a level of excitement to many of the dilemmas Daredevil faces in spite of the quality of the villains used.

This volume sees some expansion of Daredevil’s Rogues’ Galley, with the new villains introduced in including a bunch of aliens (they’re not named here but were later called the Queega in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe), the Boss, the Exterminator, the Jester and Biggie Benson. It’s not the most impressive set of additions with only the Jester making a long-term impact. From other series we get for the first time the Cobra and Mr. Hyde (from Thor), the Beetle (from the Human Torch in Strange Tales), the Trapster (ditto), Doctor Doom (by now from just about everywhere) and Richard Raleigh (from Spectacular Spider-Man magazine – indeed his brief tie-in appearance here actually creates more continuity problems than the actual magazine itself!). Although some of these foes would plague Daredevil repeatedly, overall this isn’t a particularly great set of additions, with some being quite a way away from the series’ norms.

It seems it was almost obligatory for every early Silver Age Marvel hero to encounter at least one race of aliens. Daredevil’s encounter is actually quite late by the standards of his contemporaries but the story does at least try to fit into his world, with Matt Murdock invited to give a law lecture on the potential rights of aliens, and the aliens who show up using a weapon that blinds people. They’re also not trying to actually conquer the planet, just steal its resources. In itself, it’s a harmless tale but it’s another case of taking Daredevil beyond his comfort zone. Another such venture sees Doctor Doom swapping bodies with Daredevil in the hope that the latter’s friendship with the Fantastic Four will allow him to penetrate their defences. Quite how Doom fails to realise that Daredevil’s body is blind is unclear – he assumes the eyes are covered to help other powers work but it’s strange he doesn’t investigate further. His plans also fails because Daredevil is able to use Doom’s body to first order the Latverian embassy staff to release him and then to order declarations of war against all of Latveria’s neighbours, forcing Doom to abandon his plans and switch bodies again. However Doom adapts his plan by convincing the Fantastic Four that Daredevil is really Doom in disguise (helped by Daredevil having earlier sent the same warning), leading to a fight in which Spider-Man and Thor also play a part. Whilst told well, it feels a bit too far out of the standard for Daredevil. The same is true of the Exterminator’s appearance with his T-Guns that temporally displace people. Daredevil’s solution for getting himself back in temporal sync by getting dragged by a speeding car is enough to make one wonder which series the basic plots were developed for.

There are a number of appearances by established foes as well, with the first couple of issues developing the Masked Marauder further. He is finally given an identity – Frank Farnum, the manager of the building containing the law practice. Farnum had made only very minor appearances beforehand such that he never really qualified as a member of the supporting cast but the caption on his revelation does comment that he was about the only suspect offered. But Farnum is a surprisingly downbeat and pedestrian alter-ego for a master criminal being built up as Daredevil’s archenemy, and I suspect this identity was rapidly seen as a mistake, for in the very next issue the Masked Marauder’s latest plan results in his own death, when he falls from a helicopter into his own destructive forcefield. Thus, one of the best of the early villains is all too rapidly lost from the series and his role as a recurring master schemer who uses other villains for more mundane tasks isn’t really filled during this run. This leads to a surprising villain stepping into a role traditionally reserved for an archenemy.

The first “Special” (I don’t know why it’s called that and not an Annual; subsequent annuals follow its numbering) features another regular feature of Silver Age Marvel – a teaming up of previously solo villains. After the Masters of Evil, the Sinister Six and the Frightful Four we now get the Emissaries of Evil. It is led by Electro and consists of the Gladiator, Stilt Man, the Matador and Leap Frog. It really reinforces the view that Daredevil’s Rogues’ Gallery is nothing to write home about. Such teams are traditionally led by an archenemy but Electro is a temporary import from Spider-Man’s book. It just reinforces how the Masked Marauder was mishandled. As for the rest of the team, the Gladiator is credible but the other three are so easy to mock. It just emphasises the need for some more durable serious foes. The “Special” follows the pattern of Spider-Man’s encounter with the Sinister Six somewhat with solo fights but also shows a willingness amongst the villains to pool their resources, not that it does them much good. It has a few other features such as an attempt to explain the Mike Murdock situation to new readers, a series of one page profiles of Daredevil, his supporting cast and key villains, and finally a three page feature showing how Stan Lee and Gene Colan create the series. This last piece is surprisingly open about how the “Marvel Method” works, and also shows Lee in a surprisingly poor light. Maybe he was willing to mock himself even then. It’s a hilarious piece and one of the best of these sort of behind the scenes views that I’ve read from the era.

Issues #44-47 see a brief attempt to change the series logo. However the new version is appalling, splitting Daredevil’s name across two lines and hyphenating it (I wonder if this is the origin of the capitalisation “DareDevil” which I recall seeing in a few places), and a modification made for issue #47 does nothing to improve it. Fortunately the original logo is restored with issue #48. (The two-line version was used but once again on the third “Special”, an all-reprint issue further down the line.)

This volume is one of those where the individual parts are greater than the whole. There are no real stinkers amongst the stories, just some that seem to stretch too far from the basic concept of the urban crime-fighting hero, but overall the run is still constrained by a very narrow supporting cast and rather limited development. This limited cast probably also contributes to the poor choice of alter ego for the Masked Marauder, which in turn leads to the character being written off. The last few issues do start to address the problems of development but they also seemingly remove most of the supporting cast before clear replacements can be brought in. Without strong ongoing development and with a Rogues’ Gallery composed for the most part of weak and/or silly villains, the main thing sustaining the series is the rapid succession of strong exciting adventures with unusual situations. But that’s not the firmest of bases to sustain a series on. Volume 2 is good in itself but doesn’t bode well for the future.

Wednesday, 15 August 2012

New releases: Essential Warlock volume 1

Just a quick update post to note that this week sees the release of Essential Warlock volume 1 (at least via Diamond distribution to comic shops; bookshops appear to be two weeks behind on trade paperbacks). Amongst other issues reprinted it includes Spider-Man’s guest appearance in Marvel Two-in-One Annual #2, which has also been reprinted in Essential Marvel Two-in-One volume 2, and also from the regular Spider-Man issues Marvel Team-Up #55 which was reprinted in Essential Marvel Team-Up volume 3.

Since both the Spider-Man appearances have already been covered in previous posts, I won’t be looking at them again (though I’ll add the cover where appropriate). Warlock is one of the more unusual series of its era (the mid 1970s) and is very, very different from the contemporary Spider-Man stories, offering a highly philosophical cosmic adventure. It appeals to some but not others. I’m most definitely amongst the some.

Friday, 10 August 2012

Essential Daredevil volume 1

Essential Daredevil volume 1 contains the first twenty-five issues from the series. Almost all issues are written by Stan Lee, bar one where Denny O’Neil scripts a Lee plot and another by Wallace Wood. The art was very unstable. The first issue is by Bill Everett, but due to time constraints he had assistance from Steve Ditko and the cover, recycled as a splash page, is by Jack Kirby. Then we get a succession of Joe Orlando, Wallace Wood, Bob Powell, Jack Kirby and John Romita, before issue #20 sees the arrival of Gene Colan who is initially announced as filling in for Romita but actually wound up holding the pencil for all but about five of the next eighty-one issues.

(The creation of Daredevil is also a little unclear though it hasn’t received the same level of attention as Spider-Man. Again there's scope for disagreement over what constitutes “creating” – the initial idea by Stan Lee or the fleshed out concept worked up in collaboration with Bill Everett - plus Jack Kirby contributed to the development but it’s unclear just how far, although Everett recalled Kirby came up with the billy club. I can’t recall if Daredevil was on the list of characters Kirby’s heirs unsuccessfully tried to claim the copyright on in recent years but even if he was the case didn’t get far enough to determine “creation”. Fortunately, to the best of my knowledge, there isn’t a claim of an alternative source for the idea.)

The début issue is somewhat mixed, probably because of the limited link between the two strands of Matt Murdock gaining his enhanced senses and his father’s murder for failing to take a dive in a fixed wrestling match. This isn’t so much a tale of a lesson in responsibility or vengeance driving an ordinary person to do extraordinary things. Rather it’s a tale of a man’s murder that coincides with the son happening to have gained special abilities independently that he puts to use in seeking justice for his father. However, unlike Spider-Man’s origin, there isn’t a direct reason given at this point for why Daredevil continues to fight crime even after he’s dealt with the killers. (Although much later on in issue #25 Matt Murdock does comment to himself “I never realized Daredevil was so much a part of me! It’s like DD is my real identity – and I’m just play-acting as Matt Murdock!” It’s one of the earliest comics I can think of that even touches on the question of which identity is the “real” person and which is just a front.) Also unaddressed in the first issue and indeed through the volume is the seeming contradiction of a lawyer dedicated to the system of law and justice having a dual identity as a vigilante working outside the law – and on this occasion trying obtain a confession under duress. Some elements of the origin do still hold up quite well and have barely dated – match fixing remains an issue in wrestling to this day, whilst many children are under pressure to study hard from parents who want them to succeed. And even the chemical accident holds up quite well – the transportation of hazardous chemicals is often less than ideal and spillages can and do occur, permanently disabling people. Okay the idea of a radioactive chemical giving a person enhanced senses is a piece of comic book science, but it’s one simple leap of absurdity that we accept. In fact about the only point where the basic origin story now seems dated is the lack of any ambulance chasing injury lawyers.

Once past the first issue the series goes through a bit of a turbulent period before it really gets a clear idea of where its going. The situation is not helped by the early art being a bit of a mess and it’s not until John Romita arrives, doing finishes over Kirby’s layouts on issues #12 & #13 before doing full pencils from #14 onwards, that things start to settle. However no sooner had Romita settled in than he was whisked away over to the Amazing Spider-Man. Both he and Colan thought they were just doing fill-in assignments but each wound up staying on their respective books for quite some time. Perhaps most symbolic of all the changing artists are the alterations to Daredevil’s costume. There are a few minor changes made throughout the first six issues, most notably the chest initially sporting a “D” then a “DD”, or the brief use of a hood to carry his civilian clothes or the changing number of straps attaching the billy club holder to his leg. Then from issue #7 onwards Daredevil sports the all red outfit he’s best known for. It’s rare for a new costume to last but Daredevil pulls it off (to the point that there was a period when Marvel reprints of early Daredevil appearances were colour-“corrected” to change his yellow & black costume to the all-red version). It’s also astonishing that the new costume is introduced in a single panel that takes up about one twelfth of a page with a brief thought bubble to tell us Daredevil has worked on making it more comfortable and distinctive. In later years, entire issues would have been given over to such a change, but here the narrative flows relentlessly on.

Another area of inconsistency are Daredevil’s abilities and gadgets. The origin establishes that other than his senses he doesn’t actually have any super powers and has to rely entirely on his training and skills. Yet there’s nothing to indicate he has anything other than self-training but despite this his fighting skills are phenomenal. His billy club also gets all manner of gadgets installed in it, ranging from a very practical cable launcher to a mini-cassette recorder to a bizarre super powerful microphone with which he can use his enhanced hearing to listen to the entire city. It’s a strange addition that is only rarely used. Daredevil’s actual sense powers are also somewhat variable, serving the needs of the story at hand, with his power of hearing at times seeming almost overwhelming whereas at other times it seems little more than a normal blind person who has standard hearing but pays more attention to it than a sighted person. There are also times when it seems the radar sense might as well be sight as Daredevil is seemingly able to do just about everything a sighted person can without restraint. It reaches its silliest moment when he’s able to pilot a fighter plane by the vibrations on the read-outs and his radar sense.

The supporting cast is limited to just Matt’s law partner Foggy Nelson and their secretary Karen Page. There are strong bonds between all three, enhanced by a love triangle with Matt unable to realise Karen’s feelings for him and scared to make a move because of his blindness. In several ways the Karen-Matt situation is a mirror of the Donald Blake-Jane Foster situation over in Thor, albeit with an explicit rival thrown in to reinforce the tensions. Beyond romantic entanglements this set up does somewhat limit Matt’s world, with no supporting characters from outside his office let alone from beyond the legal profession. This limits the potential for situations and also for a proper exploration of questions relating to how lawyers operate. Consequently when the Owl seeks a lawyer in issue #3, this raises the question of whether lawyers should represent those they know to be guilty. It was a few years before comics would start exploring such ethical dilemmas so instead we get a “this is how it works” explanation from Daredevil as he rushes across town after taking the case despite Foggy’s initial rejection. Unfortunately with no non-legal workers in the cast, the task of raising this question is given over to Foggy and the way Daredevil summarises the issue doesn’t help to enhance his partner’s gravitas. Instead, Foggy is all too often treated as a figure of fun, especially when he tries to build himself up with Karen by pretending Spider-Man’s hunch is right and he really is “secretly” Daredevil, to the point of obtaining a costume and agreeing to what he thinks will be a staged fight with the Gladiator.

Karen is treated with more dignity and respect, but at this stage she is unable to escape the limitations of so many early Silver Age romantic interests. The Marvel ones seem to nearly all fall into one of two categories – either Daddy’s Girls largely defined by their fathers (e.g. Janet van Dyne, Betty Banner or Doris Evans) or young working women in jobs subordinate to men and infatuated with one of the men around their office (e.g. Pepper Potts, Betty Brant or Jane Foster). Karen fits the pattern of the second so neatly she might have been designed by computer. Just to add to the dismissive approach to women, she is frequently defined by her looks in ways that would be unthinkable barely a few years later. Was there a reluctance to be bolder with the character? Was it inconceivable to instead make her a partner in the firm and thus more of an equal to Matt? Alternatively, once the series got going, perhaps to have her training on the side to become a lawyer herself? But instead throughout this run she remains a disappointing cipher whose main developments revolve around being courted by Foggy but having feelings for the reluctant Matt.

Being the last of Marvel’s early Silver Age series to be launched, it was inevitable that there’d be guest appearances early on. The Thing shows up in the second issue but only to get Matt to check a lease. Ka-Zar pops up twice but on both occasions the series is stepping heavily beyond its basis in New York crime and instead briefly making Matt/Daredevil a travelling adventurer, a role that at this stage he just doesn’t seem suited for. But the most significant guest appearance is by Spider-Man. I’ve looked at his appearance in issue #16 & #17 once already, so won’t repeat myself too much other than to note that the plot follows what was fast becoming an overused formula of one hero being falsely accused, leading to the other fighting him until realising the truth and the two then team up against the real foe. But Spider-Man has a wider impact on the series, first by turning up at the office after using his Spider-Sense to track down Daredevil, and assuming he’s Foggy (leading to the latter playing along with this for a brief while in order to impress Karen before it all goes wrong), but also later on in issue #24. Spider-Man himself doesn’t appear in the issue, but he sends Matt Murdock a letter saying he knows the lawyer is Daredevil but won’t reveal the secret; however because Matt is missing Karen opens it. For Spider-Man it’s an utterly bizarre move to commit another hero’s identity to paper, and there’s also no indication as to how he’s reached this conclusion nor why he feels the need to do this. (The issue came out the same month as Amazing Spider-Man #45 but there’s nothing in that title from around that period that even mentions this, let alone explains it. Daredevil’s most recent appearance there had been Annual #3, where he gave a reference for Spidey to the Avengers, but didn’t actually meet the wallcrawler himself.) And without Spider-Man actually appearing, could the letter in fact have been sent by someone else? It’s a possibility that isn’t explored here. However the accusation forces Matt into a convoluted situation whereby he tells Karen and Foggy that Daredevil is in fact his previously never mentioned twin brother Mike Murdock and then once in the hole digs deeper by having to pose as said brother. Given the comic conventions of the era meant that even the flimsiest of disguises could fool one’s best friends and co-workers, it’s perhaps a little harsh to dismiss Foggy and Karen for not immediately seeing through this – indeed Foggy does at first doubt Matt’s claim. But it means the volume ends with a rather convoluted situation in which Matt has to juggle three separate identities and somehow undo the mess.

The other major development set down in the issues in this volume is the introduction of the core of Daredevil’s Rogues Gallery (although there are some big names on it who don’t show up until much later). A sizeable number of new villains are introduced in this run and they include: the Fixer, the Owl, the Purple Man, the Matador, Mr Fear, Stilt Man, Klaus Kruger, the Organizer and his Organization (no that really is what it’s called) including Cat Man, Ape Man, Bird Man and Frog Man (no relation to others who’ve gone by those names), the Plunderer (Parnival Plunder), Dr Karl Stragg, the Masked Marauder, the Gladiator, the Tri-Android (made up of the Brain, the Dancer and the Mangler) and finally the Leap Frog. There are also some villains from other series including Electro, the Ox, the Eel, Namor the Sub-Mariner and the Maggia. Whilst the first couple of issues are an inauspicious start, with his first foe, the Fixer, dying in their single encounter and the second issue seeing a clash with a Spider-Man foe breaking into the Fantastic Four’s headquarters, the series soon starts getting some on the bigger names set down. Daredevil is often accused of having a poor set of villains, especially when compared to Spider-Man, but there’s strong potential in many of them here, especially the Owl and the Masked Marauder who both bring strong levels of cunning and gravitas that make them credible as crime lords, or Mr Fear, the Purple Man or the Gladiator who in their very different ways each make credible solo threats. But it’s also true that some of them are very much products of their era and have not aged well, such as the Matador. There are also those who were probably good ideas but don’t quite work in practice – Stilt Man for instance is not the most manoeuvrable of villains when his stilts are extended. To the series’ credit Leap Frog is presented as being slightly silly from the outset. But there are some others who come out bizarre, particularly the Ox and Dr Karl Stragg who in one issue swap bodies only for each to find the other’s nature is slowly taking them over. The Ox hadn’t been a particularly well developed character up to this point and so any brutish mind in that body would have worked, but it’s still an awkward development that ultimately doesn’t offer much. It’s also one of the earliest cases of a foe established in one hero’s series (in this case Spider-Man’s) having major developments in another’s. When a character is permanently adopted by a new series (such as Hawkeye, Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch joining the Avengers around this time) then it’s reasonable, but when they make a one-off appearance then such bold changes feel more illegitimate.

There are no real long term mystery villains in these twenty-five issues. The Masked Marauder may live up to his name, but there’s no teasing about his identity. The one mystery is in a two-part story that sees what I think is the earliest Marvel example of another often used plotline – politicians staging attacks on them to boost their crime fighting credentials. A two-part story sees Foggy recruited as a candidate for the Reform Party (nothing to do with the real life one created three decades later) which comes under attack from the mysterious “Organizer” who arranges a string of attacks to help poll ratings. There’s supposed to be a mystery over which of the candidates is the Organizer but it’s really quite obvious – so obvious in fact that when first reading it I assumed it was a double bluff but they didn’t do that sort of thing back then.

A core feature of Daredevil is his blindness, but even in the 1960s there were some successful cures. In the early issues of the series Karen repeatedly tries to persuade Matt to undergo surgery but he’s reluctant to, as he’s scared it will deprive him of his enhanced other senses. Issue #9 finally addresses the issue with the bizarre development that Klaus Kruger , a university contemporary of Matt and Foggy, is now the ruler of the small state of “Lichtenbad” who offers to arrange for Matt’s treatment by the leading eye specialist who now resides there, but it’s all a trick. In fact Kruger is a harsh ruler who has lured experts in many fields to build a robot army to conquer the world. Exactly why eye surgeons and lawyers are necessary for this is never explained, but the story serves its purpose in cutting off the prospect of Matt’s sight being restored and thus preserving the basis of the series. It was quite a bold move to have a superhero with a disability, even if the series in practice sometimes acts as though his radar sense is just as good as sight, and undoing that would have been a major mistake.

Overall this first volume of Daredevil is a mixed bag, with a number of good stories and developments, but also some weak stories, particularly all of the ones that take him away from New York. The art in the first half is also poor due to the rapid turnover of artists and some rush jobs, though the second half more than makes up for it. But it’s not the most ground breaking of series – by the time it came out many of the bold developments that the Marvel Silver Age brought had already come, and Daredevil was largely a consolidation of such practices. When compared to the equivalent issues of Amazing Spider-Man these ones seem significantly weaker, with the writing much more inconsistent and a reluctance to do too much bold stuff beyond the basic idea of the character. Daredevil has often suffered from being branded a second-tier character, both in his own stories and in the real world, and unfortunately his early issues do little to dispel that notion.

Friday, 3 August 2012

Essential Human Torch volume 1

The first of the “extra” volumes is Essential Human Torch volume 1, which reprints the Human Torch stories from Strange Tales #101-134 and Annual #2. As previously noted, Strange Tales was one of a number of anthology series produced by Marvel that carried various genres during its run and is best known for introducing Dr. Strange, then also running Nick Fury, Agent of SHIELD. But before that the Human Torch was given his own solo feature from issue #101 onwards. This was a boom time for Marvel - following the success of the Fantastic Four, the summer of 1962 saw four superhero strips launched in separate anthologies - as well as the Torch there was Spider-Man in Amazing Fantasy (although it was cancelled after one issue), Thor in Journey into Mystery and Ant-Man in Tales to Astonish (reviving a character from a previous one-off science fiction story - if you’re ever on QI and get asked which was Marvel’s second superhero feature, think carefully before you risk an answer), all launched in June or July (cover dated August or September). But note that in the long run the only one of the strips to last was Thor, with Spider-Man seeing his anthology immediately cancelled whilst neither the Human Torch nor Ant-Man would last more than a few years. These last two strips languished in obscurity and the Human Torch became the very last of the early Silver Age Marvel superhero features to get an Essential volume, with this one not coming out until the start of 2004, just after a period when it seemed the Essentials had died. So was the obscurity deserved or unjust?

Both the writing and art in the series is a little turbulent. All but one issue is at least plotted by Stan Lee who takes over the full writing from Annual #2 and issue #114 onwards, bar #132 which is written by Larry Ivie. The earlier issues are scripted by Larry Lieber, Robert Bernstein, Ernie Hart and “Joe Carter” who was a pseudonym for Jerry Siegel (yes that Jerry Siegel, the co-creator of Superman). Most of the art is by Jack Kirby or Dick Ayers, with one issue by Carl Burgos (the creator of the original Human Torch) and the last five by Bob Powell. This is quite an impressive line-up of creators, suggesting the strip wasn’t regarded as in any way disposable, though a more permanent creative team would have been helpful.

The “Marvel Age” saw comics doing things different from the norm. In place of the almost timeless adventures where characters went through much the same pattern over and over again, there was now a stronger emphasis of character growth and development. Heroes were no longer gods in mortal form, but instead real people with real problems. The public were no longer all accepting, all worshipping of their heroes. It was a very changed era in which the same old same old types of strips were superseded by something bold and dynamic.

But not everything reflected the changes. Some strips just presented heroes going through a string of adventures with no real developments, no serious obstacles in their personal lives, and few signs of the changes coming elsewhere. One such strip was the Human Torch.

Obscurity has been kind to these adventures. When compared to many of the contemporary Marvel offerings they feel highly disposable and inconsequential. At the same time Spider-Man was going from strength to strength, the Torch was going from forgettable villain to forgettable villain. In no way was the world being set on fire.

Now some of this could be the restraints of being a spin-off from the Fantastic Four, with the expectation that major developments for the Torch would happen there, leaving his own strip as a mere side offering. But the strip itself tried to offer a different perspective, with the focus being on the Torch’s hometown of Glenville rather than Manhattan and beyond as seen in the FF’s own book. However this volume does not show the setting being really built on. There are very few regular supporting characters and hardly any attempt to build on situations in Johnny Storm’s regular life. In the first twenty-two issues we get some appearances by the other members of the Fantastic Four and more rarely the Thing’s girlfriend Alicia Masters, but otherwise the supporting cast is limited to his girlfriend Doris Evans who appears from time to time (and it may just be the black & white, but there are a number of times when she and Susan Storm look so similar it’s easy to confuse them at a glance). And even she is underused, largely appearing only to berate Johnny for a constant string of broken dates, even though she knows perfectly well why he’s done so.

This is to my mind one of the biggest missed opportunities in the series. In the first few issues Johnny tries to maintain his secret identity, even to the point of staging elaborate gimmicks to disguise his going into action. Yet he’s living with his sister whose identity is publicly known as is the family nature of the Fantastic Four. Why precisely did Johnny ever think people wouldn’t realise he was the Torch? Issue #107 solves this with the revelation that in fact everybody knows Johnny is the Torch and was just respecting his privacy. Was it really the case that up to now his home life was never disturbed by eager fans, anti-fire busybodies, reporters or enemies? Was John F. Kennedy’s America really such a place where public figures were given such respect and privacy? (Okay the President himself may have been doing things in private, but elected politicians usually had the benefit of experience and actively took steps to guard themselves.) Once even Johnny knows he doesn’t have a secret identity, very little is done with this although the odd foe does know where to come looking. But there’s no real exploration of the impact in areas such as his school life. How does he cope with trying to be an ordinary student who has so many distractions? How do his fellow students react to having a celebrity in their midst? Do the school authorities try to capitalise on his celebrity status? Similarly whilst his sister may also have powers and protections, how do the neighbours react to having a superhero in the vicinity? Does he send house prices soaring through fame, or plummeting because of the perceived danger both from his powers and from the foes he might attract? The obvious point of contrast is with the early Spider-Man adventures where Peter Parker’s non-costumed life was quite prominent, especially his experience in school. It is a pity that such opportunities were missed.

The last dozen issues see a change of focus as the Thing is permanently added, turning the strip into a permanent team-up, predating the likes of Captain America and the Falcon, Daredevil and the Black Widow or Power Man and Iron Fist by several years. But there was already a regular team book featuring these two – Fantastic Four. And the similarity is compounded by an even greater use of foes from that title, as well as further appearances by Mr Fantastic and the Invisible Woman plus other supporting FF cast members such as Alicia Masters. Was it really necessary to have “Half the Fantastic Four” when the whole thing was available elsewhere? Indeed several of the stories could easily have been run in Fantastic Four, particularly “The Mystery Villain!” in issue #127, a mystery that is so hard to penetrate that the only reason it takes until page five to deduce is because the villain doesn’t appear as such until then. The very core idea of the Fantastic Four is that it a family of adventurers who all bring different elements to the reckoning. As a result it’s been very rare for any replacement members to actually last and the original line-up invariably reasserts itself. Having only half the team for an extended run just doesn’t generate the same magic, but nor does it offer the special focus that solo stories offer. This run straddles the two and misses the magic of both.

The stories contain a variety of villains who can be broken down into three categories – brand new creations, villains from Fantastic Four and villains from other series altogether. In the first category we have the Destroyer (unrelated to others of that name), the Wizard, Zemu, Paste-Pot Pete, the Acrobat, the Painter, the Sorcerer, Asbestos Man, the Eel, the Fox, Plantman, the Rabble Rouser, Captain Barracuda, the Beetle, “the Mystery Villain” and Professor Jack. You could perhaps add broadcaster Ted Braddock, who wages a J. Jonah Jameson style campaign against the Torch but it lasts less than an issue as he changes his mind, and publicly says so, when the Torch’s actions save his son. Overall this is quite an intense creative rate. But I’m willing to bet many of you are already copying and pasting some of these names into a search engine to find out who the heck they are. Only about four have really made a lasting impact – the Wizard, Paste-Pot Pete (albeit under a new name of “the Trapster”), the Eel and the Beetle. And none of these are remotely A-List villains – the Wizard may have been treated as the Torch’s arch enemy and gone on to be used quite a bit, but the truth is he hasn’t aged as well as some foes and his role in the “Acts of Vengeance” conspiracy was very much punching above his weight. The Beetle and the Eel have been at best third tier foes seeking greater recognition but never really making it, whilst the name “Paste-Pot Pete” has dogged the character and kept him as a figure of fun despite his attempts to become more serious (which begin here, though he doesn’t adopt his new name in this volume). Otherwise the originated foes are generally forgettable and most have only come back on a few occasions to reinforce their lowly status. The Destroyer is the obligatory Evil Communist Agent that many of the early Silver Age heroes fought – this particular one is trying to close tall rides at an amusement park because customers can see the quiet bay where a Communist submarine surfaces. Zemu is the ruler of the other cliché of the era, the alien race seeking to conquer Earth by bizarre methods – here they’re reaching Earth from another dimension by using a portal in a swamp and have to stop a housing estate being built next to it. The other foe who gets referenced quite a bit is the Acrobat, primarily for his second appearance in which he disguises himself as the long missing Captain America!

“The Human Torch meets Captain America” may have won the Alley Award for Best Short Story that year, but soon after it dropped off the radar such that it wasn’t until 1999 (real time) that any Captain America story dealt with the real Cap’s reaction to having been impersonated. Looking at it now it’s easy to see why as it’s actually very silly even by the standards of this volume as there are some major leaps of logic. After having disappeared for many years (precisely how long is never specified), the legend of World War II comes out of retirement to appear at an antique car fair! After an attempt to steal a priceless car fails, Captain America passes himself off as the hero to the acclaim of all but the Torch, then later frees his two accomplices. The henchmen set off in a Ferrari to lure all the cops and the Torch after them, whilst Captain America breaks into a small town banks and steals three bags of money, then retreating to his floating sky platform. When the Torch shows up, Cap escapes via a rocket but with the Torch in pursuit Cap steals an asbestos-lined lorry and traps the Torch inside it. However the Torch burns his flame to turn it into a compressed gas that explodes open the truck and he captures “Captain America” to unmask him as the Acrobat. Later the Torch looks at an old Captain America comic, which gives away his identity as Steve Rogers, and wonders what happened to the real Cap and will he ever return. (A caption confesses the story was a test to see if the readers wanted this. Looking back it’s surprising that Captain America took a few years to be revived, and had to be tested first, whilst the Human Torch was re-envisaged from the start and the Sub-Mariner revived much as before just a few months later.) The whole story just doesn’t work – does nobody see the silliness of Cap coming out of retirement for a car fair? And why does a man with all the resources to have a disposable Ferrari and a floating sky platform go to all this effort to steal a rather small amount of cash? Does nobody see through all this? And finally like so many other villains the Acrobat can get his hands on asbestos quite easily. It’s true that in 1963 asbestos did not have the reputation it does today (although the health and legal communities had been aware of it for some decades), but the number of villains who just happen to have this fire-proof material to hand, even when they weren’t expecting the Torch, strains credulity.

As well as the originated villains, the stories also see several from other series. The ones used from the pages of the Fantastic Four are the Sub-Mariner, Puppet Master, the Terrible Trio – Bull Brogin, Yogi Dakor and “Handsome Harry” Phillips – and the Mad Thinker. This is a more mixed bag as the Sub-Mariner was initially built up to be the main rival to Doctor Doom as the Four’s archenemy, but the Puppet Master and Mad Thinker are again foes who haven’t stood the test of time. And the Terrible Trio is a rather lame team of three villains with different skills. I guess with the Enforcers running about there wasn’t much room for a second version of that concept. Meanwhile villains from other series include the Sandman (from Amazing Spider-Man), Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch (from the X-Men; this is when they were still part of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants) and Kang the Conqueror (from the Avengers). Their appearance here was one of the earliest to show Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch actually trying to escape from Magneto, but finding the wider world hostile, and helped to lay the foundations for their eventual reformation as part of the Avengers. Meanwhile the Sandman’s appearance sees the Torch almost force himself on a foe looking for revenge on Spider-Man, and started the process by which the Sandman became at least as much a Fantastic Four villain as a Spidey one, later becoming a member of the Frightful Four.

As well as the villains we get a few guest stars. The other Fantastic Four members show up in some stories and occasionally help the Torch. Then there are two of the other obvious teamings. Annual #2 guest-stars Spider-Man in his first ever guest appearance, in what seems to be the first ever Marvel story to employ the formula of one hero being mistakenly assumed to have gone bad, leading to the other fighting him before realising the truth and the two team up against the real villain. It’s an okay piece and shouldn’t be blamed for all its imitators, but the villain is the forgettable Fox. (It’s also let down by the worst reproduction in the volume; whilst all the regular issues look pretty good, the reproduction of the annual is far cruder.) Issue #120 features a team-up with Iceman that doesn’t involve a fight between the two heroes but instead sees them fighting crooks who raid a tourist boat, with each hero helping to deal with the other. More surprisingly is issue #130’s tale, “Meet the Beatles!” (a title which probably carries even more weight in the US where an album of that name was released) although the Fab Four only meet the members of the Fan Four very briefly as the Torch and Thing wind up missing the concert to chase crooks who steal the payroll. I wonder if the band’s brief appearance was licensed? (Though given some of the terrible deals made in this era, I doubt the Beetles themselves would have seen anything of it.)

The Torch’s powers in this volume are somewhat in flux, often adapting to suit the purposes of the plot. At times it seems as though he can manipulate fire as if it were a living safe energy like Green Lantern’s energy powers and create constructs such as cages and fake Torches out of fire with seemingly no fuel at all. At other times the Torch finds his flame exhausted, limiting his effectiveness for a while, but again this weakness only occurs when needed. There’s some weak comic book science about the flame becoming a gas in confined spaces that allows him to escape traps with pressure when needs be, but he doesn’t always use this. It’s another sign of how the strip was something of a throwback to the simpler sillier era when powers suited the convenience of the stories and development was rare.

The stories in this volume came out during a time of great change in superhero comics. However whilst the Fantastic Four was setting new standards for bold adventuring and the Amazing Spider-Man was offering developed, ongoing teen angst and soap, Strange Tales’s Human Torch stories were something of a throwback. There were a few brief signs of the changes with a hero who argued with his fellows, but otherwise this is a story of a teen hero who had no real problems that couldn’t be overcome in a single issue, who had next to no supporting cast of his own and who fought a series of largely forgettable villains. Whilst Spider-Man was taking the genre boldly forward, the Human Torch was very much parked at the rear. The comparison between the two strips could not be starker. It’s unsurprising that the Thing had to be brought in to shore up the strip or that it ultimately lasted less than three years and was then mostly forgotten. Marvel had a good string of hits in the early 1960s, but this was very definitely a miss.

Wednesday, 1 August 2012

Into the spin-offs

I’m waiting for the next Essential Spider-Man volumes. They may be some time. So in the meantime, following the reaction to my look at the Spider-Woman and Punisher volumes, I’ve decided to take a look at some of the similar or related series that have also been collected in the Essentials. Some were launched to seemingly capture a similar field to Spider-Man. Others initially built themselves around characters from his series, sometimes borrowing guest cast members, sometimes spinning off minor characters.

The largest collection by far is Essential Daredevil, which has so far notched up five volumes, and, in addition, several later issues have also popped up in some of the other Essential volumes (such as Essential Punisher volume 1). On top of all this ol' Hornhead's book is also the most frequent one to appear in the guest appearances posts. Daredevil was created in part as a reaction to the success of Spider-Man (as shown most obviously on the first issue’s cover) and over the years he has become one of the wallcrawler’s closest allies but not without some tension as their relationship developed, particularly due to different outlooks. The two series have shared villains, supporting cast members, creators and more, so it feels natural to take a look at Daredevil’s adventures to see how they compare.

Another character who has frequently overlapped with Spider-Man over the years is the Human Torch, who once had his own solo series in the pages of Strange Tales which lasted for nearly three years and included Spider-Man’s first significant guest appearance. In later years he would go on to be Daredevil’s sole rival as Spider-Man’s best friend amongst other superheroes. (Early in the planning stages for Marvel Team-Up the series was going to feature a regular teaming of the two, similar to the early Super-Villain Team-Up issues focusing on Doctor Doom and Namor the Sub-Mariner, rather than a rotating guest-star book. A permanent teaming of Spidey and the Torch would have made for quite an interesting series...) Both because of this and because he was Marvel’s other teenage solo hero of the early Silver Age, it’s interesting to see how differently he was handled and why he wasn’t as successful as his rival turned friend.

Moving into the 1970s we find another take on the concept of a teenager who unexpectedly gains superpowers, this time a supposedly ordinary one, which came with The Man Called Nova. Intentionally homaging Spider-Man, the first issue even proclaimed this with the wording “In the Marvelous tradition of SPIDER-MAN!” right at the top of the cover. Rather less intentionally the series’s initial set-up was also homaging DC’s Green Lantern (the Silver Age version). The book lasted nearly three years, although it went bimonthly after the first year and a half, and en route it actually included a crossover with Amazing Spider-Man midway through the series (which is also included in Essential Spider-Man volume 8). This time it’s interesting to see just how far the homages ran and whether that was a factor in the series’s ultimate failure.

A second 1970s series of interest that lasted only a couple of years was one that initially entrenched itself in Spider-Man’s world (as shown most dramatically by the characters on the cover of the first issue) even though the wallcrawler himself didn’t appear in costume. Ms. Marvel was a spin-off from Captain Marvel and represented an attempt by the company to simultaneously ride the era’s wave of feminism, secure a trademark with the company name in it (according to this comment by later Marvel Editor-in-Chief Jim Shooter), and try to have a lasting series with a female superhero. But instead the series crashed within a couple of years, clocking up few issues than her (near) contemporaries Spider-Woman, She-Hulk and the Dazzler. The overlap in characters with Spider-Man strongly encourages a look.

Over the next few weeks I’ll be posting my opinions on the various Essential volumes as before (although the postings will be a little slower), with a particular focus on comparisons with Spider-Man and how many elements overlap. So stick around!

Friday, 27 July 2012

Looking to the future...

Having now looked at all the Essential Spider-Man volumes that have been released so far, and all the guest appearances that have also been reprinted in the Essentials, it’s naturally time for a pause in this blog. But I promise this is only a pause and that when further volumes are released I’ll post my thoughts on them and on anything they miss out. And yes, that includes filling in gaps in the existing guest appearance posts. (I’ll both edit the original post to add my thoughts but also generate a new post so that long-time readers of this blog can see the additions.) I can’t say how long that will take although I’m not expecting a sudden rapid surge of Essential Sub-Mariner volumes that will take the series up to Spidey’s appearance in issue #69 anytime soon.

However it’s more reasonable to expect there will be future Essential volumes from the main Spider-Man series rather sooner. After all we’ve had them in most years since the Essential series began back in 1996, although checking the dates I was surprised to see there were none in 2008 or 2010, both years that saw lots of Essentials released, and rather less surprised to see none in 1999, 2001 or 2003, back in the earlier, leaner years. With no less than twenty-one volumes from four series (not counting the Spider-Woman or Punisher volumes reviewed here), there’s been on average more than one volume a year, a very healthy sign.

That said it would be helpful if the next few years could help bring the different titles to more or less the same point. As I noted in my review of Essential Web volume 2, it can be very confusing to be reading issues dealing with the aftermath of developments in other series that haven’t been reached yet, particularly when two entire issues of Web were devoted to wrapping up the loose ends from a major storyline that mainly ran in Amazing, whilst another major storyline is in part a sequel to an unreprinted issue of Marvel Team-Up. And it’s also a real shock that Essential Marvel Team-Up has only had three volumes so far, especially as the Thing’s equivalent title Marvel Two-in-One has been Essentialised in its entirety, and we’ve also had two volumes from Team-Up’s replacement title, Web.

Were I in charge of deciding which volumes to release next… the line would probably rapidly end in bankruptcy due to my decisions being heavily biased towards my personal preferences. (Away from Spider-Man there’d be quite a bit more Daredevil, Fantastic Four and Silver Surfer released but not too many X-everything books.) But I would certainly try to level the Spider-Man volumes so they wouldn’t be years apart. That would probably mean three more volumes of Team-Up, two of Amazing and one of Spectacular before I would release Essential Web 3, although I might be prepared to be a little flexible so that crossovers like “Inferno” and “Acts of Vengeance” don’t all appear in the same volumes in the same year (which might be the long term reason for the staggered releases). But certainly I’d want to get Team-Up completed as soon as possible, although there’s the other problem that a few individual issues may have to be omitted due to the rights on the guest stars. The most obvious ones are Red Sonja in #79 and King Kull in #112, both characters ultimately coming from the works of Robert E. Howard. #84 & #85 guest star Shang-Chi, the Master of Kung-Fu, and are possibly also a mess as although Shang-Chi himself is Marvel property, large elements of his backstory and supporting cast are drawn from the Fu Manchu novels by Sax Rohmer though I’m not sure if any of Rohmer’s creations are used in those issues and Marvel has Essentialised other appearances of Shang-Chi in the likes of Giant-Size Spider-Man and Marvel Two-in-One).

Looking beyond the imbalance amongst the current titles, there’s other material to collect in future volumes. In 1990 Spider-Man gained a fourth title, imaginatively entitled Spider-Man, and then in 1993 there was a fifth, Spider-Man Unlimited. As the 1990s went one there were ever more one shots and limited series, and also two interesting ongoing “past tales” series – Untold Tales of Spider-Man and Web-Spinners: Tales of Spider-Man which told stories from earlier periods of the webslinger’s history. It would be a pity to miss any of these out, though whether to include them with the best relevant ongoing series or to do some special grab bag collections is a decision to be taken later. I’ve already looked at the looming problems from the deluge of crossovers in a previous post so won’t repeat my thoughts here.

But as well as the continuing present day adventures of Spider-Man there are a few other series to consider. What If... is a concept of alternative history that Marvel has devoted several series to, with many issues focusing on alternative twists in Spider-Man’s life (and he’s also appeared in many other stories as well). It would be nice to see some Essential What If... volumes at some point. And then there are two reasonably well-known alternative futures. The 2099 line of comics is one of the best known and Spider-Man 2099 lasted forty-six issues, the longest of any of the books. There was even a one-shot in which Spider-Man met his present day counterpart. Later on the MC2 uiverse was spun out of a later issue of What If.... Set about a generation into the future of the current Marvel Universe, it featured the offspring of many of the heroes, including Spider-Girl, the daughter of the true Spider-Man. However as that series only began in 1998 it may be too recent to consider for the Essentials for a good while. The same applies to the present day alternate reality Ultimate Spider-Man from 2001.

I doubt that even in fifteen years time everything I’ve listed above will have been collected – that is if there are still trade paperbacks around then (I’ve long given up on believing any predictions about what will and won’t vanish with a particular technology emerging). But in the near future we should see some more volumes.

One of my favourite periods on Spider-Man is the Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz run on Amazing from #251 until #283 when an awful lot happened in rapid succession. It will be a joy to see this Essentialised and it’s due very soon. Further down the line there are other runs that are amongst the best, particularly those by creators like J.M. DeMatteis and Sal Buscema. And as astonishing as it seems, Essential Web is not that far off the period when it finally had a regular creative team. So there’s plenty to look forward to.

I’ll be aiming to keep up with the volumes as they come and share my thoughts here. I’ll also make some other posts on related points of interest. And in the meantime I’ll be posting my opinions on some related series. So one way or another this blog won’t be going away.

See you in due course!

Thursday, 26 July 2012

Maximum Crossovers?

In my last couple of posts (for now) I’m going to look at the future of the Essential Spider-Man line. I’ll talk more about the general direction in my second post, but here I want to consider what could be a fairly major problem for future volumes – the proliferation of crossovers both within the Spider-Man titles and between them and the wider Marvel line. The issues Essentialised so far have generally preceded this development and consequently only included at most one or two extra issues. But the most recently published volume (Web 2) contains four additional issues in order to carry the full story “Kraven’s Last Hunt”. As the crossovers increase, how can the Essential volumes cope without producing volumes that only advance their own series by a few issues and contain tonnes of crossovers the reader will be buying in other volumes as well, but equally without running storylines that make no sense without issues in other volumes that may not be available on the shelf (or even published yet)?

It’s certainly a tricky dilemma, but in order to put it in context it probably helps to draw a list of the crossovers yet to come. In the interests of sanity this list only covers storylines that ran in more than one Spider-Man title. When only one of the titles crossed over with other Marvel titles (e.g. “Sabotage”, “Spirits of Venom”, “Infinity Crusade” or “Civil War”) then it’s not included. So here goes...

“The Wedding” – Amazing #290-292 & Annual #21 and Spectacular Annual #7.

“Mad Dog Ward” – Web #33, Amazing #295 and Spectacular #133.

“The Evolutionary War” – Amazing Annual #22, Spectacular Annual #8, and Web Annual #4, plus eight other annuals (or nine if you include Alf).

“Inferno” – Amazing #311-313, Spectacular #146-148, Web #47-48, plus lots and lots of other Marvel titles – one list I’ve seen has forty-two issues on it!

“Atlantis Attacks” – Amazing Annual #23, Spectacular Annual #9 and Web Annual #5, plus eleven other annuals.

“Acts of Vengeance” – Amazing #326-329, Spectacular #158-160 and Web #59-61, plus lots and lots and lots of other Marvel titles – if you thought “Inferno” was big, for “Acts of Vengeance” one list I’ve seen has a total of sixty-eight books on it!

“Spidey’s Totally Tiny Adventure” – Amazing Annual #24, Spectacular Annual #10 and Web Annual #6. Marvel switched away from running epics across all its annuals to running smaller crossovers.

“The Spider And The Ghost!” – Amazing Annual #25, Spectacular Annual #11 and Web Annual #7.

“The Hero Killers” – Amazing Annual #26, Spectacular Annual #12, Web Annual #8 and also New Warriors Annual #2.

“Maximum Carnage” – Spider-Man Unlimited #1-2, Web #101-103, Amazing #378-380, Spider-Man #35-37 and Spectacular #101-103. This is the one where things start to get tricky.

“Pursuit” – Spider-Man #45, Spectacular #211, Web #112 and Amazing #389.

“The Clone Saga” – This saw lots of individually named story arcs, and complicating things further there was a period when Amazing & Spectacular focused on Peter Parker/Spider-Man whilst Web & “adjectiveless” focused on Ben Reilly/Scarlet Spider. Then the books all fused together, telling a virtually weekly story. Then midway through Ben’s time as Spider-Man there was a move back towards keeping the titles reasonably separate subject to further crossovers. To save my sanity I’m going to list this as the whole lot:
Web #117-129, Amazing #394-418, Spider-Man #51-75, Spectacular #217-240, Unlimited #7-14, Web of Scarlet Spider #1-4, Amazing Scarlet Spider #1-2, Scarlet Spider #1-2, Spectacular Scarlet Spider #1-2, Scarlet Spider Unlimited #1 and Sensational #0-11; plus the limited series and one-shots: Jackal Files, Maximum Clonage Alpha, Maximum Clonage Omega, The Lost Years #0-3, The Parker Years, The Final Adventure #1-4, Redemption #1-4, The Osborn Journal and Dead Man’s Hand.
And if that isn’t enough, The Complete Clone Saga and The Complete Ben Reilly Epic collections of this period also include Spider-Man Team-Up 1-5, “Planet of the Symbiotes” in the 1995 annuals (see below), and various specials and issues of other series. Some of these issues can be trimmed off if focusing upon a single series but it would take an extended process to work out what should and shouldn’t be added to the general Essential volumes for each.

“Planet of the Symbiotes”/”Ghosts” – Amazing Super Special #1, Spider-Man Super Special #1, Venom Super Special #1, Spectacular Super Special 1, Web Super Special #1. These are basically annuals by another name and whilst taking place amidst the wider Clone Saga they form two distinctive crossovers in their own right. (Clones and symbiotes – what more could you ask for?)

“Onslaught” – Amazing #415 and Spider-Man #72. Another Marvel Universe wide crossover (and still during the Clone era) though Spider-Man managed to get away with a rather minimal contribution.

“Spider-Hunt” – Sensational #25, Amazing #432, Spider-Man #89 and Spectacular #255.

“Identity Crisis” – Sensational #27-28, Amazing #434-435, Spider-Man #91-92 and Spectacular #257-258 This one’s complicated by Peter Parker adopting four separate new identities and each title focusing upon a different one.

“The Gathering of Five” – Sensational #32-33, Amazing #440, Spider-Man #96 and Spectacular #262; and “The Final Chapter” – Amazing #441, Spider-Man #97-98 and Spectacular 263. Although they have separate names, these are basically one extended story which served to bring all the titles to a close before a major relaunch of the line.

Now we come to the relaunch era when the line was cut to two present day titles and the numbers were reset. Also with only two regular titles not all crossovers were explicitly branded. I’m broadly following SpiderFan.Org’s lead here.

‘Introducing Spider-Woman’ (I can’t remember if this has a formal title) – Amazing #5-6 and Peter Parker #5.

“Another Return of The Sinister Six” – Amazing #12 and Peter Parker #12.

“We’re All Doomed... Again!” – Amazing #16 and Peter Parker #16.

‘Green Goblin V revealed’ – Amazing #18 and Peter Parker#18.

“Maximum Security” – Amazing #23 and Peter Parker #23, plus lots of other Marvel titles. However if memory serves the two Spider-Man issues largely stand separately from one another.

“Revenge of The Green Goblin” – Revenge of the Green Goblin #1-3, Amazing #25 and Peter Parker #25.

‘The Return of Mary Jane’ – Amazing #29 & Annual 2001 and Peter Parker#29.

Then the original numbering was restored on Amazing, but in the same period the second (and briefly third) books went through other titles, some of them recycled.

“The Other” – Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #1-4, Marvel Knights: Spider-Man #19-22 and Amazing #525-528.

“One More Day” – Amazing #544-545, Friendly Neighborhood #24 and Sensational #41.

This list surprised me as I would have expected many more storylines running in multiple titles. But unless I’ve overlooked some the pattern is clear – after “Kraven’s Last Hunt” and Mad “Dog Ward”, the only crossovers between Spider-Man titles for the next five years were either in the annuals or part of wider mega crossovers with the Spider-Man titles opting to tell extended Spider-Man arcs within them. In general it should be relatively easy to carry on the separate volumes for Essentials until 1993, though it would probably help to make the volumes covering “Acts of Vengeance” extra large so the crossovers don’t slow the series down too much.

It was “Maximum Carnage” in 1993 which began the pattern for routine storylines across the multiple Spider-Man titles, and the following year this was tested with “Pursuit” before coming with a vengeance with the numerous storylines that made up “the Clone Saga” and at times saw the Spider-Man books effectively serving as one continuous story (the Superman books did this even more explicitly in this period). Following that there were a few crossovers in 1998 in the lead up to the relaunch. Then in the early relaunch years there were a handful of storylines told in both titles, perhaps due to sharing the writer, plus a couple of events. And then it dropped back to only the occasional crossover, largely as part of a big event. The switch to multiple issues of Amazing each month has (for now) seemingly ended Spider-Man crossovers.

The Essentials will have to do some real headscratching about how to incorporate “Maximum Carnage”, let alone “the Clone Saga”, when they get to those in due time. Since there are five other Essential series that are chronologically ahead of the Spider-Man titles it’s possible that how they handle similar crossovers may offer a solution. Here’s a quick rundown:

Essential Silver Surfer – Volume 2 gets up to issue #18 from 1988 of the Surfer’s 1980s/1990s series. The only crossover so far is “The Evolutionary War” and just the Surfer’s own annual is included.

Essential X-Men – Volume 10 gets up to issue #272 of the Uncanny X-Men (the titles of the X-Men books and the Essential series can really confuse). This time round there are rather more outside issues with crossovers and of those from 1986 onwards it runs through “Mutant Massacre” (also containing the New Mutants, X-Factor, Thor and Power Pack issues), “The Evolutionary War” (just the Uncanny X-Men annual), “Inferno” (also containing the X-Factor issues but none of the New Mutants, X-Terminators or any of the other books), “Atlantis Attacks” (just the Uncanny X-Men annual), “Acts of Vengeance” (just the Uncanny X-Men issues), “Days of Future Present” (also containing the Fantastic Four, New Mutants and X-Factor annuals) and “X-Tinction Agenda” (also containing the X-Factor and New Mutants issues).

Essential X-Factor – Volume 5, coming out soon, will take the series up to issue #70 from 1991. Again there are multiple crossovers in this run including “X-Factor” (which launched the series via the Avengers and Fantastic Four), “Mutant Massacre” (also containing the Thor and Power Pack issues but not the Uncanny X-Men or New Mutants ones), “Fall of the Mutants” (only the X-Factor issues), “The Evolutionary War” (just the X-Factor annual), “Inferno” (also containing two of the Uncanny X-Men issues but not the other two or any of the other books), “Atlantis Attacks” (just the X-Factor annual), “Acts of Vengeance” (just the X-Factor issue), “Days of Future Present” (also containing the Fantastic Four, New Mutants and Uncanny X-Men annuals), “X-Tinction Agenda” (also containing the Uncanny X-Men and New Mutants issues), “Kings of Pain” (also containing the New Mutants and Uncanny X-Men annuals but, on the information I have, not the New Warriors one) and “Muir Island Saga” (also containing the final Uncanny X-Men issue but not the previous two).

Essential Punisher – With volume 4 again coming out soon the series is up to #59 from 1992. Once the Punisher’s own ongoing series is reached at the start of volume 2, the only crossover issue from another series included is Daredevil #257 which is half of a two-parter. Otherwise it just has the Punisher’s own issues of “The Evolutionary War”, “Atlantis Attacks”, “Acts of Vengeance” and various shorter annual crossovers that didn’t involve Spider-Man titles. Also note it doesn't include issues of Punisher War Journal or Punisher War Zone, but I’m not sure how many crossovers there were between the Punisher’s three titles.

Essential Wolverine – Volume 6, coming out soon, will take the series up to #128 from 1998. So far the series has only had a single outside issue (Uncanny X-Men #332) despite running through several crossovers including “Acts of Vengeance”, “Fatal Attractions”, “Phalanx Covenant”, “Onslaught” and “Operation: Zero Tolerance” though notably the “Age of Apocalypse” issues are absent, however as the book was temporarily notionally renamed and renumbered then one can claim exemption as not part of the actual series.

Well... The experience of Essential Punisher and Essential Wolverine would suggest that it’s relatively easy to get through many wider crossovers by just reprinting the issues the title character was in. The Essential X-Men and Essential X-Factor experiences suggests that not all crossovers are equal and in some cases it’s possible to limit the number of additional issues that are brought in to complete the story. Again there’s an obvious difference between books starring separate, albeit related, teams (Essential X-Men has not quite reached the launch of the second X-Men title) and books starring the same character but they offer hope. It also seems clear that with the smaller annual crossovers it’s advisable to run all the parts in each relevant Essential (though space can be saved by not reprinting their back-up features). All five series are in agreement that the epic annual crossovers can be limited to the individual annuals for each series (although for Atlantis Attacks the Spectacular and Daredevil annuals are closely tied together so may been an exception). One concern is how the crossovers can slow down the pace of reprinting the main title. Essential X-Men volume 10 has just eight of the regular issues and one of the regular annuals, and almost half the volume given over to completing the “Days of Future Present” and “X-Tinction Agenda” crossovers.

More intriguingly the experience of Essential Wolverine in completely side-stepping the “Weapon X” title that appeared during the “Age of Apocalypse” suggests that the Spider-Man Essentials could potentially get away with not carrying all the “Scarlet Spider” books in each volume – maybe instead they could be a standalone affair or even help fill up the end of Essential Web? Of course that’s some way off, and there’s the previous deluge of Clone Saga material to tackle first.

But for the next few years worth of issues it should be relatively easy. For “Inferno” and “Acts of Vengeance” decisions will have to be taken on which issues can appear just in their own titles and which ones need to also appear in other books, but it shouldn’t be too much of a problem. “Mad Dog Ward” must appear in all three series. Each of the smaller annual crossovers will probably have to appear in each volume, whilst the Evolutionary War and Atlantis Attacks annuals can be confined to their own series. And both of the Wedding annuals should probably appear in both Essential Amazing and Essential Spectacular, though I note the Spectacular annual, featuring the honeymoon, was omitted from The Wedding tradepaperback, an omission that may be repeated. But otherwise there’s at least three more volumes for each Spider-Man series (and at least one for the adjectiveless) before the crossover problem will hit on a regular basis. And hopefully by then Essential X-Men will be deep into the two-titles era and can offer more precedents.

Wednesday, 25 July 2012

Some thoughts on Goblin identities

Over the years the Green Goblin has spawned many successors and imitators. Common to many of these characters has been a mystery about their secret identity... and unfortunately many of the reveals have either come amidst creative turbulence and/or been met with dislike by fans. As I promised way back in my review of Essential Spider-Man volume 2, here’s a look at how the Green Goblin revelation stands up compared to later reveals.

For starters how many Goblins have there been and how many have had mystery identities? Off the top of my head we’ve had the following:
  • Green Goblin I – (mystery)
  • Green Goblin II – (no mystery)
  • Green Goblin III – (mystery)
  • Green Goblin IV – (mystery)
  • Green Goblin V – (mystery)
  • Hobgoblin I – (mystery)
  • Hobgoblin II – (no mystery)
  • Hobgoblin III – (no mystery)
  • Demogoblin – No other identity (no mystery)
  • Grey Goblin – (mystery)
And if we include the three main alternative universes/timelines featuring a Spider character:

2099
  • Goblin 2099 – (mystery)
  • Hobgoblin 2211 – (sort of a mystery)
MC2 (Spider-Girl)
  • Green Goblin – (no mystery)
  • Golden Goblin – (no mystery)
Ultimate – I’ll admit I’m not too familiar with these stories (yes I know, I hear the cries of “SHAME!”)
  • Green Goblin – (no mystery?)
  • Hobgoblin – (no mystery?)
Now some of these mysteries lasted rather longer than others. Green Goblin III and the Grey Goblin were revealed in the same storyline as they were introduced. Green Goblin IV’s identity was a mystery in the couple of issues that trailed his own series but was then revealed when it began. Goblin 2211 didn’t have her identity revealed until many years later – technically a later revelation but it was more a filling out of an existing character than a longstanding tease of the readers. In all these cases the original creative team controlled the character from introduction to revelation and things didn’t get out of control.

The other four – the first & fifth Green Goblins, the first Hobgoblin and Goblin 2099 – were all longer running mysteries. In at least three out of four cases their (first) revealed identity was not what was intended by their creator, and in two cases later issues sought to undo the damage by retconning the original reveal into a set-up. And in all four cases there’s much to criticise the revelations for.

Whilst it’s good advice that if an author introduces a mystery identity villain they should make sure they do a revelation before they leave the title, it’s not always a guarantee of success. Peter David included as near to a revelation of Goblin 2099’s identity as he could in the space of his final issue of Spider-Man 2099 – only for subsequent editing to change it before the issue hit the shelf. (See Peter David (1996-04-27), “who is GOBLIN 2099. – alt.fan.peter-david for his contemporary reaction to having just seen the printed version.) A later 2099 one-shot did at least contain a panel that retconned this away as a shapeshifting impersonator. Roger Stern had left the Spider-Man titles some three years before the Hobgoblin was first revealed in what’s widely considered a mess. A decade later he went back to fix the identity of the Hobgoblin the way he had intended but the new identity was a character who hadn’t been seen in a decade and not all fans were happy. And I remember posts on Usenet in 1998 leaking that the Spider-Man writers and editors had never actually decided who Green Goblin V was before chucking him in the titles.

The story behind the Hobgoblin revelation is messy due to writers and editors not always remembering things or agreeing with each other and, it appears, one writer throwing out a particular name as a bluff only for others to operate on the basis that that really was the intended identity. The storyline dragged out over four years with multiple writers and editors (and it appears marketing got involved – there was a one page advert in early 1986 promising major Hobgoblin revelations that year) and the revelation came in an issue by a fill-in writer. Peter David was given one double-sized issue to resolve what everyone else had written up to that point and found all the clues literally going down a dead end. So he wrote the issue that way. (Whilst a lot of people don’t like that particular revelation, about the only person who seems to blame Peter David is the man himself. Just about everyone else either accepts he was caught in a mess created by others, or claim that he was ordered to write it this way.) A decade later the revelation would be overturned.

Of course a major problem with all this is that if you reveal a major villain to be a key member of the supporting cast you are potentially destroying both the villain and cast member. Perhaps this is why Green Goblin V was revealed to be the ultimate disposable character. But that revelation is a sign of the trouble when you go the other way – make them someone obscure and you get a collective “so what?” with the revelation. And once you get into shapeshifters and clones it gets even sillier.

By these standards the original Green Goblin mystery was probably the best of the longer running ones. He may have turned out to be a character introduced only two issues earlier, but the revelation has stood the test of time with no later writers rewriting this piece of Spider-history, unlike the first Hobgoblin and Goblin 2099. And whilst the revelation story took the Green Goblin in a new direction, the character and his alter ego remained powerful forces in Spider-Man’s life, even when seemingly dead. Perhaps that’s why the later mysteries have all ended in such confusion – it’s very difficult to produce a character with such long lasting impact and that makes it even harder to find suitable successors.

And despite decades of comic book folklore that Steve Ditko was so opposed to Norman Osborn being the Green Goblin that he left the series and Marvel over this, he has since written the essay “The Ever Unwilling” in Robin Snyder’s The Comics Vol. 20, No. 3 [March 2009]. To the best of my knowledge it’s not available on the web but quotes are including at Greg's Blog of Clue-by-Fours: And the Green Goblin is?, and they state:
“So certainly, the GG [Green Goblin] could hardly be any reason for me quitting Marvel.
Now digest this: I knew from Day One, from the first GG story, who the GG would be... I planted him in J. Jonah Jameson’s businessman’s club.” [prior issues of the newsletter had a contest to identify all the planted appearances of the character]
“I planted the GG’s son (same distinct hair style) in the college issues...” [referring here to Harry Osborn]
As I said in my review:
...if true then the criticism shifts from things not being planned out but instead having a quick and poorly devised revelation, to a grand plan that wasn’t properly implemented early enough. Nobody could read the Goblin stories in issues #23 & #26-27 and guess that the Goblin was “the man with funny hair in the background at Jonah’s club”. In the heat of the moment the revelation must have amazed contemporary readers, but looking at the run as a whole in the cold light of day and it falls rather flat.
But unlike the rest it still stands. No later writer tried to overturn this. But it’s easy to see why. By the time anyone might have even thought about revisiting the original Green Goblin’s identity there had been too many later developments that made it impossible to undo. Once again it shows that the Green Goblin, at least in the first couple of decades, really only became incredible after the fact.

The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe – Spider-Man related entries

(WARNING: This is a long, very dry listy post. You may wish to skip it if that’s not your sort of thing.) As we’ve seen when going through these reviews, there are a number of Essential volumes that contain entries from the various editions of The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe. Whilst I don’t intend to review in full the eight volumes that contain the original, Deluxe and Master editions, it’s useful to at least note all the various Spider-Man characters who were considered significant enough to rate an entry at each stage. I’m using as my definition characters who either debuted in the Spider-Man titles or who debuted outside but are strongly associated with them (e.g. the Beetle who first appeared in the Human Torch’s slot in Strange Tales before regularly clashing with Spidey). Quite a few of the entries on these lists that this approach produces are characters who made their first appearances in an issue of Marvel Team-Up but are more associated with that issue’s guest star than with Spider-Man. But I felt it best to include all.

With that said here are the relevant entries in the original edition:
  • Arcade
  • Basilisk
  • Beetle
  • Belladonna
  • Black Cat
  • Captain Britain (His entry gives Marvel Team-Up #65 as his first appearance but I guess Marvel US weren’t explicitly including his Marvel UK stories)
  • Captain Marvel (Monica Rambeau)
  • Cloak & Dagger (combined entry)
  • Doctor Octopus
  • Electro
  • Fly
  • Frog-Man
  • Hobgoblin
  • Kingpin
  • Kraven the Hunter
  • Lightmaster
  • Lizard
  • Madame Web
  • Mysterio
  • Punisher
  • Rhino
  • Sandman
  • Scorpion
  • Silvermane
  • Speed Demon
  • Spider-Man
  • Swarm
  • Vulture
  • Will O’ The Wisp
And in the Book of the Dead and Inactive:
  • Green Goblin
  • Jackal
  • Man-Wolf
  • Morbius
  • Spider-Woman
  • White Tiger
Finally the Book of Weapons, Hardware, and Paraphernalia:
  • Doctor Octopus’s Arms
  • Hobgoblin’s Bat-Glider
  • Spider-Man’s Belt-Camera
The list has a lot of familiar names but also some surprises. Spidey’s camera is an interesting choice for the Book of Weapons et al (his web-shooters are covered in a section of his own entry), whilst I’m amazed that Belladonna merits an entry, even half a page – maybe someone had plans to make more use of her but she is rather limited by her motivation and that’s probably why she’s only appeared in one storyline. Otherwise most of the big name Spider-Man villains are there but some from the next tier like the Chameleon and the Shocker are absent. Morbius and the Man-Wolf may seem like other candidates for exclusion but both had prominent careers outside the Spider-Man titles, whilst the Speed Demon may have debuted in that form in Spider-Man but went on to become a more generic villain across the Marvel Universe. I presume Basilisk and the Lightmaster fall into this category as well.

The Deluxe Edition went for more detail with some characters getting a second page and also ran for longer, thus taking up many more Essential volumes. From the Spider-Man titles we get:
  • Arcade
  • Beetle
  • Black Cat
  • Captain Britain
  • Captain Marvel (Monica Rambeau)
  • Captain Universe
  • Cloak
  • Dagger
  • Daily Bugle
  • Doctor Octopus
  • D’Spayre
  • Jessica Drew
  • Electro
  • Enforcers
  • Frog-Man
  • Hobgoblin
  • Hydro-Man
  • Jack O’Lantern
  • J. Jonah Jameson
  • John Jameson
  • Kingpin
  • Dr. Michael Morbius
  • Misty Knight
  • Kraven the Hunter
  • Lightmaster
  • Lizard
  • Mysterio
  • Puma
  • Punisher
  • Rhino
  • The Rose
  • Sandman
  • Scorpion
  • Shocker
  • Silvermane
  • Silver Sable
  • Sin-Eater
  • Slyde
  • Speed Demon
  • Spider-Man
  • Spider-Woman (Julia Carpenter)
  • Tinkerer
  • Vulture
  • Will O’ The Wisp
And in the Book of the Dead:
  • Basilisk
  • Big Man
  • Carrion
  • Cyclone
  • Jean DeWolff
  • Green Goblin (despite the 2nd not actually being dead)
  • Hobgoblin 1 (his death and revelation came during the Deluxe Edition’s run)
  • Jackal
  • Kangaroo
  • Ben Parker
  • Gwen Stacy
  • Tarantula
  • Wraith
(There was no Book of Weapons, Hardware, and Paraphernalia this time with that information incorporated into the main entries.)

1989 saw the release of Update ‘89 which I’ll treat as part of the Deluxe Edition despite it not actually using those words in the title, since it built on the contents of the Deluxe rather than starting again. This one primarily carries new and previously omitted characters but also updates for those who’d had major changes in the intervening few years. The Spider-Man entries are:
  • Chameleon
  • Chance I
  • Foreigner
  • Hammerhead
  • Hobgoblin II
  • Betty Brant Leeds
  • Carlos Lobo
  • Madame Web
  • Harry Osborn
  • May Parker
  • Prowler
  • Razorback
  • Joe Robertson
  • Rocket Racer
  • Speedball
  • Swarm
  • Tarantula II
  • Flash Thompson
  • Tombstone
  • Venom
  • Mary Jane Watson-Parker
The Essential Update ‘89 volume also includes several entries that were modified for the first trade paperback collection. However none of them are Spider-Man related.

The larger length means more characters could be included, though in Spider-Man’s case this largely results in key supporting cast members getting entries. However it’s a surprise to see the likes of Slyde, the Kangaroo and Carlos Lobo getting entries. This probably suggests there were big plans for using them (and resurrecting the Kangaroo) but they never came to fruition. Some of the other entries may seem surprising but as I said they’re often characters who first appeared in Marvel Team-Up and went on to bigger things outside the Spider-Man titles.

The Master Edition rather skimps on actual biographical details, giving just a list of key issues and one line summaries of them. The format was completely overhauled so instead of purchasing complete comics containing entries, it was now a series of loose-leaf files which could be compiled and reordered in a binder. This time we get:
  • Answer
  • Arcade
  • Beetle
  • Black Cat
  • Captain Britain (His entry now acknowledges his first UK appearances but lists his US debut in Marvel Team-Up #65 as well)
  • Captain Marvel (Monica Rambeau)
  • Captain Universe
  • Carnage
  • Carrion
  • Chameleon
  • Chance
  • Cloak
  • Cutthroat
  • Cyclone
  • Dagger
  • Demogoblin
  • Doctor Octopus
  • D’Spayre
  • Electro
  • Foreigner
  • Gardener
  • Green Goblin
  • Grizzly
  • Hammerhead
  • Hobgoblin
  • Hydro-Man
  • Jackal
  • Jigsaw
  • Kangaroo
  • Karma
  • Kingpin
  • Misty Knight
  • Lightmaster
  • Lizard
  • Madame Web
  • Mirage
  • Molten Man
  • Mongoose (a shadowy appearance in Amazing Spider-Man before appearing in full in Thor)
  • Morbius
  • Mysterio
  • Orb
  • Princess Python
  • Prowler
  • Puma
  • Punisher
  • Razorback
  • Rhino
  • Rocket Racer
  • Sandman
  • Scorpion
  • Shocker
  • Silver Sable
  • Silvermane
  • Solo
  • Speed Demon
  • Speedball
  • Spider-Man
  • Spider-Man 2099
  • Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew)
  • Spider-Woman II (Julia Carpenter)
  • Tarantula
  • Tinkerer
  • Tombstone
  • Venom
  • Vermin
  • Vulture
  • White Tiger
  • Will O’ The Wisp
  • Wraith
(The original publishing format means this time there was no separate Book of the Dead.)

Once again it’s a mixture of the big names and those who made it elsewhere. The name that really shocks me this time is the Grizzly. Maybe one day the Gibbon will get an entry!